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Английский (топики/темы): Poverty and Richness Corrupt People's Souls      

 

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Poverty and Richness Corrupt People's Souls       

There is a lot of injustice in the world. When some countries are regarded wealthy (such as the United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Norway, Japan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and many others), other countries and their peoples live in poverty. They are deprived of common necessities such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water. They also suffer from the lack of access to opportunities such as education, information, health care and employment.

There are many different factors that cause poverty such as unemployment, overpopulation, some historical factors (imperialism, colonialism), war, discrimination, erosion, deforestation, drought, water crisis and many others. Poverty may be explained by geographic factors, for example access to fertile land, fresh water, minerals, energy, and other natural resources, presence or absence of natural features helping or limiting communication, such as mountains, deserts, navigable rivers, or coastline. Historically, geography has prevented or slowed the spread of new technology to areas such as the Americas and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Those living in poverty and lacking access to essential health services, suffering hunger or even starvation, experience mental and physical health problems which make it harder for them to improve their situation. One third of deaths are due to poverty-related causes. Those living in poverty suffer lower life expectancy. Every year nearly 11 million children living in poverty die before their fifth birthday. In Kenya malaria kills one in five children every year. Poverty increases the risk of homelessness. There are over 100 million street children worldwide. Increased risk of drug abuse may also be associated with poverty.

Those living in poverty in the developed world may suffer social isolation. Rates of suicide may increase in conditions of poverty. Low income levels and poor employment opportunities for adults in turn create the conditions where households can depend on the income of child members. More that 200 million children aged 5 to 17 are in child labor worldwide, excluding child domestic labor. Areas strongly affected by poverty tend to be more violent.

Many people argue that poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. All people are born equal. So why should they live in different conditions? It is not fair that the rich live in luxurious houses and drive expensive cars while the poor die from starvation. Many writers touched upon the problem of poverty and inequality in their works. Many people fought for the rights of the poor. But this problem still remains very urgent and continues corrupting people's souls.

There are many poverty reduction programs attempting to help people of developing countries. In politics, the fight against poverty is usually regarded as a social goal and many governments have institutions or departments dedicated to tackling poverty. Most developed nations give development aid to developing countries.

Sometimes celebrities organize benefit concerts to fight hunger in developing countries. In 1984 there was a terrible famine in Ethiopia, when more than 1 million people died. The sight of thousands of weak, starving children on TV reports inspired rock singer Bob Geldof to launch a campaign to fight hunger in Africa. The biggest stars in British pop music (Paul McCartney, Sting, George Michael and many others) gathered in a London studio to record Do they know it's Christmas? The charity single raised 8 million pounds and a year later inspired Live-Aid, the global pop concert which raised more than 60 million pounds.

 




1. Complete each sentence (A—H) with one of the endings (1—8):
A. There are many different factors that cause poverty such as
B. Historically, geography has prevented or slowed
C. Those living in poverty suffer
D. Poverty increases
E. Low income levels and poor employment opportunities for adults in turn create the conditions where
F. Many governments have institutions or departments dedicated to
G. Most developed nations give
H. Sometimes celebrities organize

1. the risk of homelessness.
2. tackling poverty.
3. unemployment, overpopulation, some historical factors, war, discrimination, erosion, deforestation, drought, water crisis and many others.
4. development aid to developing countries.
5. benefit concerts to fight hunger in developing countries.
6. the spread of new technology to areas such as the Americas and Sub-Saharan Africa.
7. lower life expectancy.
8. households can depend on the income of child members.

2. Give the definitions of the following words
• developing country    • developed country
• injustice    • life expectancy
• poverty    • starvation
• discrimination    • famine
• malaria    • drought

3. Say if you agree or disagree with the following statements. Comment on your answer
1) There is a lot of injustice in the world.
2) Poverty begets violence.
3) Poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship.
4) All people are born equal.
5) Developed nations must give development aid to developing countries.
6) Poverty and richness corrupt people's souls.
 

4. Read the following proverbs. Find their Russian equivalents and explain what they mean
• Poverty breeds strife.
• Poverty is no disgrace, but it is a great inconvenience.
• Beggars cannot be choosers.
• He that is warm thinks all so.
• Necessity knows no law.
• A hungry man is an angry man.
• Hunger finds no fault in cookery.

5. Answer the questions
1) What are developing countries usually deprived of?
2) What are the factors that cause poverty?
3) What are the consequences of poverty and inequality?
4) What do you think of child labor?
5) Do you know any people who are fighting or fought for the rights of the poor? Say a few words about them.
6) Why is it so important to reduce poverty?
7) Is it possible 'to cure' poverty? How?

6. Read the quotations below. Choose any statement and comment on it
• Poverty is a great enemy to human happiness; it certainly destroys liberty, and it makes some virtues impracticable, and others extremely difficult.' (Samuel Johnson)
• Poverty is everyone's problem. It cuts across any line you can name: age, race, social, geographic or religious. Whether you are black or white; rich, middle-class or poor, we are ALL touched by poverty.' (Kathleen Blanco)
• 'We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to remedy this kind of poverty.' (Mother Teresa)
• 'Poverty must be reduced not only for reasons of moral and justice, but also of security.' (Anna Lindh)
• 'You can't get rid of poverty by giving people money.' (P. J. O'Rourke)
• 'Poverty is the mother of crime.' (Marcus Aurelius)

 

Read the article below. Explain the meaning of the words in italics. Summarize the contents of the article and discuss the major problems touched in it.
In a world of wealth, poverty has become a necessity

Poverty is not a static condition which people may be rescued from or "raised out of. Poverty has as many guises as the words that describe it...

As western governments never cease to affirm, poverty is relative. (They do not state what it is relative to: whether to neighbours, to the rich, or to those whose personal fortunes outstrip the GDP of whole countries.) If anyone with below 60% of median income is said to remain in poverty, a significant proportion of the people will always be poor. It should not be imagined that poverty in the rich countries is a mitigated or sheltered experience, as the existence of gun and violent crime, a knife culture, gang warfare and a drug economy testifies.

There is an even more compelling reason why poverty is destined to remain a spectre at the global feast. Poverty will not be eliminated for the very reason that the global developmental paradigm gives priority to the market over government, and even to the market over society. Governments everywhere have more or less voluntarily withdrawn from responsibility for distributive justice; and since free markets distribute their rewards according to their own promiscuous and capricious laws, this ensures that wealth flows unevenly. ...
Of course governments routinely express their desire to create a more equal society, and make provision to alleviate the worst sufferings of the poor. But their capacity to do so is far behind the adroit effects of markets to lavish prizes on those they favour. ...
Perhaps the most astonishing obstacle to the removal of poverty from the world has been the transformation of the super-rich. These have ceased to be regarded as the greedy devourers of the substance of the poor, the ugly monopolists of resources: no longer the exploiters and bloodsuckers of 19th-century industrial lore, they have been turned into philanthropists, the virtuous possessors of fabulous fortunes, by whose grace and charity alone the dire poverty of the destitute will be relieved. ...
Poverty is not a question of the laggards and the left-behind of globalisation, but remains an inescapable structural necessity - required to justify continued growth and expansion beyond sufficiency. Natural scarcity gives way to human-made impoverishments: this is recognised in the word "deprivation" which, like many terms in the lexicon of poverty, betrays its meaning. "Deprivation" means something is taken away from people, in order to maintain them in a state of poverty to which they will never become accustomed; thereby justifying a system that lays waste a world without meeting more than a fraction of human need.
Jeremy Seabrook The Guardian, Thursday 27 July 2006

 

A. The problem of poverty is very urgent nowadays. What do you know about poverty in the modern world? What countries are affected more than others?


B. Read the text 'Poverty and Richness Corrupt People's Souls' and be ready to speak about its leading ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Из учебного пособия "Открывая мир с английским языком. Современные темы для обсуждения. Готовимся к ЕГЭ" Юнёва С.А. 2012г. 

 

 

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